Indeed, humans have been confused as machine-like, the confederate effect, during instantiations of the Turing Test staged in Loebner Prizes for Artificial Intelligence. What Turing missed is the presence of emotion in human dialogue, without expression of which, an entity could appear non-human. His idea, that once a machine deceives a human judge into believing that they are the human, then that machine should be attributed with intelligence. So conceived Alan Turing when he introduced a machine into the game. "Abstract of chapter in book (Eds: Jordi Vallverdú & David Casacuberta): 'Handbook of Research on Synthetic Emotions and Sociable Robotics: New Applications in Affective Computing and Artificial Intelligence' The Turing Test, originally configured as a game for a human to distinguish between an unseen and unheard man and woman, through a text-based conversational measure of gender, is the ultimate test for deception and hence, thinking.
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